Can you sit the HTML & CSS Certification today?

A form has an input marked `required`, and it is submitted while that field is empty, with no custom JavaScript validation on the page. What happens?

• AThe form submits anyway, since `required` only affects styling
• BThe page reloads with no explanation
• CThe browser blocks the submission on its own, focuses the invalid field, and shows a built-in validation message
• D`required` has no effect unless a `pattern` is also specified

Two sibling `<p>` elements in normal flow: the first has `margin-bottom: 20px`, the second has `margin-top: 30px`, with nothing else (no border, padding or content) between them. What is the actual vertical gap between them?

• A50px, the sum of both margins
• B0px, because adjacent margins cancel out
• C20px, the smaller of the two margins
• D30px, the larger of the two margins

In `box-shadow: 0 -4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);`, which direction does the shadow appear relative to the box?

• AShifted downward, below the box
• BShifted upward, above the box, implying a light source below
• CCentred directly behind the box with no offset
• DShifted to the right of the box

What does the selector `h2 + p` match?

• AAny `<p>` anywhere on the page that comes after an `<h2>`
• BEvery `<p>` that appears before an `<h2>`
• CA `<p>` nested directly inside an `<h2>`
• DA `<p>` that is the immediate next sibling of an `<h2>` — sharing the same parent and appearing right after it with nothing in between

An item has `grid-column: 2 / 4;` set. What does that place it as?

• AThe item spans two column tracks, from grid line 2 to grid line 4 — occupying the second and third column tracks
• BThe item occupies exactly one column, the fourth one
• CThe item spans four separate columns starting from the second row
• DThis is invalid syntax and has no effect